AP CHEMISTRY Chapter 1 Crib Notes – THE ATOM

Chapter 1 Crib Notes – THE ATOM                           Name:

10 points

Dalton:  Atomic Theory and the Law of Multiple Proportions

Bohr: “solar system of orbits” atomic model

N = principal quantum number, orbits, periods, levels (1 thru 7)

L = AKA “azimuthal” quantum number, blocks, shape of the orbitals, sublevels (s=0, p=1, d=2, f=3)

M_l = magnetic quantum number, orientation of the orbitals, the boxes have assigned numbers:

M_s=spin quantum number of the electron in that orbital (+1/2 or -1/2)

EXAMPLES:  Ca = [Ar]4s²  with a quantum number set of:  4,0,0,+1/2

Te = [Kr]4s²4p⁴ with a quantum number set of:  4,1,-1,-1/2

USE CAUTION WITH "d-block" elements:  Pd = [Kr]5s²4d⁸ with a set of 4 (not 5!!!!),2,0,-1/2

Diamagnetic = all subshells are filled/paired with electrons, elements are NOT affected by a magnet  (all electrons are paired)

Paramagnetic = all subshells are NOT completely filled/paired with electrons, elements will be affected by a magnet (some electrons are unpaired)

Rutherford:  discovered the nucleus using his gold foil experiment which led to his discovery of the proton, and he also separated radiation into alpha, beta, gamma rays using a magnet.

Thomson discovered the electron using his cathode ray tube experiment and Millikan found the charge and mass of that electron suing his oil drop experiment.

Chadwick discovered the neutron when bombarding a beryllium atom with alpha particles – what fun!

deBroglie – wave/particle nature of light

Rydberg equation:  related energy with the level the electron is on:  E_n = -2.178 X 10 ^-18 J

                                                                                                                                                           n ²

The jumpers are:  Ag, Au, Cr, Cu, Mo

Short-hand notation:  use [noble gas before it], then:

s-block:  ns¹ or ns²

p-block:  ns²np ^1-6

d-block:  ns²(n-1)d^1-10

Anytime you see the word “ENERGY” you need to bring out these equations:

c = lѵ    c = speed of light = 3 X 10⁸ m/s                   l= wavelength                  ѵ = frequency

E = hѵ  so:  E = hc/ ѵ

h = Planck’s constant = 6.626 X 10 ^-34 Js

1 m = 1 X 10⁹ nm – need to convert anything meters to nm to find the color of the visible light

Blue = low wavelength, high frequency, high energy, 350 – 450 nm

Red = big wavelength, low frequency, low energy, 650 - 750 nm

Free response question:  10 pts

1.  Write the complete and shorthand electron configuration notation for copper and give the set of 4 quantum numbers for its last electron. (HINT:  pour it all out there)

2.  Be sure to write it as a jumper cuz it is.

CH 1. Para Vs. Diamagnetic/Quantum Numbers

CH 1.  Para Vs. Diamagnetic/Quantum Numbers      Name:

20 points

Short-hand notation:  use [noble gas before it], then:

s-block:  ns¹ or ns²

p-block:  ns²np ^1-6

d-block:  ns²(n-1)d^1-10

1.  Write the symbol and electron configuration notation for:

potassium

 carbon

manganese

tantalum

2.  Write the symbol and the shorthand notation for:

francium

platinum

lead

osmium

n = levels or periods = 1 thru 7

l = sublevels or blocks = s = 0, p = 1, d = 2, f = 3

m = rooms in the sublevel  s = 0, p = -1,0,+1, d = -2,-1,0,+1,+2, f = -3,-2,-1,0,+1,+2,+3

s = spin, either up +1/2 or down -1/2

3.  Draw the symbol and the last orbital box for these elements.  Then write the four quantum numbers for the last electron in that element:

beryllium

 lithium

nitrogen

molybdenum – it is a jumper!!!!

In a DIAMAGNETIC ELEMENT:  all of the electrons are spin-paired so their sub-shells are completely filled, causing them to be unaffected by magnetic fields

In a PARAMAGNETIC ELEMENT:  they are strongly affected by magnetic fields because their sub-shells are NOT completely filled with electrons.

4.  Which of the elements is diamagnetic?

5.  Which of the elements is paramagnetic?

AP CHEMISTRY JUNE BOZEMAN #4

AP Chemistry BOZEMAN #4 Coulomb's Law             Name:

11 points

1.  What is coulomb's law?

2.  What is in the atom that holds the He atom together when those protons are so close

            and repel one another?

3.  How do you find the magnitude of charges?

4.  What is ionization energy?

5.  How do you measure ionization energy?

6.  Give another name for a "shell" that starts with an "o": ________________________

7.  What piece of equipment did coulomb use to measure coulombs law?

8.  What is the photoelectric effect?

9.  Why is helium's amount of energy (2.37) higher than hydrogen's (1.31)?

10. Why does lithium have both a low peak (.52) and also a big peak (6.26)?

11.  The bigger the radius of an atom, the ____________________ the attraction.

USE:  lower or higher in the blank

AP CHEMISTRY JUNE BOZEMAN #3

AP Chemistry BOZEMAN #3 The Mole             Name:

6 points

1.  How many sig figs would be given in the answer in the CO₂ question in the video?

2.  Instead of nitrogen monoxide, what is the common name for NO?

3.  How many molecules are in 5.72 grams of glucose, C₆H₁₂O₆? 

SHOW WORK HERE:

4.  Write the balanced equation for thermite production: 

            solid aluminum and iron (III) oxide yields solid iron and aluminum oxide.

5.  What type of reaction is a thermite reaction?

(synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement)

AP CHEMISTRY JUNE BOZEMAN #2

AP Chemistry BOZEMAN #2 Chemical Analysis                   Name:

15 points

1.  CH₂O is the empirical formula of what molecule?

2.  What is the molar mass of gold (give a unit!)?

3.  Notice that even though hydrogen and oxygen are diatomics, when dividing by the

            mass of each element to find moles, you only use 1 gram and 16 grams                             respectively.  What are the three steps in finding the empirical formula when        given a mass spectrum analysis?

a)

b)

c)

4.  SHOW WORK FOR POINTS IN THIS PROBLEM.  (10 points)

Nicotine is composed of C,H, and N.   A 5.250 mg sample of nicotine was combusted, producing 14.242 mg of CO₂ and 4.083 mg of H₂O. SIG FIGS COUNT!!!

HINT:  Don't worry about the mg - make them all grams.  It's all about the ratio, baby.

a)  What is the mass of CO₂?

b)  FInd the grams of carbon in the 14.242 g of CO₂ that is given:

c)   Change grams of C to grams to mols of C:

d)  What is the mass of H₂O?

e)  FInd the grams of hydrogen in the 4.083 g of H₂O that is given:

f)   Change grams of H to mols of H:

g)  All that is left is finding the nitrogen.  To do this, subtract the masses you got for the carbon (answer b) and the hydrogen (answer e) from the total number of grams        in the nicotine (given in the problem).  This is your grams of nitrogen.

h)  Convert your grams of nitrogen to moles of nitrogen.

i)  Divide by the smallest number of mols to find the mol ratio.  Show your work here:

j)  What is the empirical formula for nicotine?

AP CHEMISTRY JUNE BOZEMAN #1

AP Chemistry BOZEMAN #1 Alchemists         Name:

7 points

1.  What is the philosopher's stone?

2.  What is the symbol for element # 116?

3.  What is dry ice?

4.  How much is the largest bar of gold worth?

5.  How much does it weigh in pounds?

6.  How much does an average 2 by 4 Lego brick weigh in grams?

7.  The ratio of masses in a pure sample is __________________________________

            on the basis of atomic theory.

BOZEMAN ASSIGNMENTS for AP CHEMISTRY

BOZEMAN ASSIGNMENTS

Over the course of the year, we will be watching a friend of mine, Paul Andersen, in his review series found on bozemanscience.com under the AP Chemistry section.

Your job this summer is to watch the following AP Chemistry videos and answer questions on the attached worksheets for each of the videos.  There are 16 videos that we will watch.  The worksheets need to be included in the homework assignments for that month.  If you do not have internet or data send me a text and I can meet you at the school and you can use my computer.

HOMEWORK NEEDS TO BE DROPPED OFF AT THE SCHOOL OR PUT IN MY MAILBOX OR MAILED TO MY HOME ADDRESS (3540 PUBLIC WELL STREET PARIS IL 61944) OR TO THE SCHOOL (14040 East 1200 Road, Paris, IL 61944) POSTMARKED BY THE DUE DATE. 

MY CELL IS 217-264-0467.

JUNE ASSIGNMENT Part I THE ATOM due Friday June 16th: 37 points

1 - Molecules & Elements/Alchemists - 7 points
2 - Chemical Analysis - 15 points
3 - The Mole - 6 points
4 - Coulomb's Law - 9 points

JUNE ASSIGNMENT Part II PERIODIC TABLE due June 30th: 48 points

5 - Electron Configuration - 10 points
6 - Periodicity - 16 points

7 - Quantum Mechanical Model - 13 points
8 - Atomic Models - 9 points

JULY ASSIGNMENT NUCLEAR due Friday July 21st:  60 points

9 - Mass Spectrometry - 6 points
10 - Light & Matter - 20 points
11 - Symbolic Representations - 14 points
12 - Conservation of Atoms - 20 points

AUGUST ASSIGNMENT STOICHIOMETRY due Friday August 11th:

24 - Metallics

25 - Covalent Networks

26 - Molecular Solids

28 - Stoichiometry

AP CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 1 PAPERS - June Homework Set #1

JUNE HOMEWORK SET #1                         Name:

CHAPTER 1 - structure of the atom

Chapter 1 Book Assignments: your score:     /134 pts

	Your pts/total
Read pages 79-89
Create “smart guys list” – from summary sheet         - pretty sure there are 18 of them	/10
Outline Ch 1:  structure of the atom for part I	/10
Read Part II pages 89-97
Outline Ch 1:  structure of the atom for part II	/10
Answer Block’s summary sheet	/22
Exercise 1.1 on page 98	/7
AP Practice Quiz pgs 100-103 – take it, grade it and write the score!!  (for completion)	/26
Free response page 104	/10
Bozeman 1	/7
Bozeman 2	/15
Bozeman 3	/6
Bozeman 4	/11

Chapter 1 Homework Assignments: your score:      /75 pts

Assignment:	Your pts/total
Para/Diamagnetic worksheet	/20
Ch 1 crib notes review	/10
Diagnostic Test #1 pages 31-37:  take it, grade it and write the score!!  (for completion)	/45

Chapter 1 TOTAL PTS: your score:            /209 pts

During School:  AP Free Response Quizzes #1, #2, #3 - 20 points each

Quantum Number Quiz - 15 points Summer Ion Quizzes #1,2,3 - 20 points each

Block’s Summary Sheet:  Chapter 1:  Structure of the atom – 22 pts

This is different than your outline.  Both must be completed for points!!

1.     List and describe the 4 laws about the atom.  (4 pts)

2.  Make a separate list of the 18 smart guys, their discoveries in order with years,

and their significance on your smart guys sheet. (smart guys list)

3.  List and compare the three subatomic particles’ masses and charges. (3 pts)

4.  List the 3 equations regarding ENERGY and electromagnetic radiation, noting

what each variable stands for, the units, and rearrange the equations. (3 pts)

5.  List the constants for these 2 equations. (2 pts)

6.  Note and write the equation for the energy of an orbit that is given on the AP

     Test and your AP formula sheet.   What does “n” stand for in the equation?  (2)

7.  Discuss the difference between the Bohr model versus the wave model. (1)

8.  List the four quantum numbers, how to assign them, and give examples of

each. (4 pts)

9.  Write the Aufbau Principle thru the 7f¹⁴ orbital . (1 pt)

10. List the five common elements that are exceptions to the Aufbau

Principle (the jumpers) AND write their short-hand configurations. (2 pts)

Lesson Plans April 17th – April 21st

Chemistry I Lesson Plans April 17^th – April 21^st

Monday:

1.  SR lab reports back

2.  finish notes on chapter 8 if needed

3.  grade identifying reactions worksheet

4.  quiz 2 tomorrow over balancing

5.  worksheet I due Thursday

6.  quiz I on reaction types Thursday

7.  decomposition lab

Tuesday:

1.      grade balancing review

2.      balancing quiz 2

3.      decomposition lab - due Friday

4.      worksheet II due Friday

Wednesday:

1.  balancing quiz 2 back

2.  finish decomposition lab due Friday

Thursday:

1.  grade worksheet I

2.  reaction types quiz I

3.  finish decomposition lab -due tomorrow

4.  balancing quiz 3 tomorrow

Friday:

1.  types quiz I back

2.  decomposition labs due

3.  gummy bear on fire demo

4.  balancing quiz 3

Chemistry II Lesson Plans April 17^th – April 21^st

Monday:

1.  thermochemistry tests back

2.  notes on solubility thru Henry's law

3.  Henry's law worksheet due Weds

4.  quiz over it on Weds

Tuesday: 

1.      colligative properties video and worksheet due Friday

2.      Notes on solubility rules

3.      Henry’s Law probs and quiz tomorrow

4.      Solubility worksheet I due Thursday

5.      quiz over it Friday

Weds: 

1.  grade Henry's Law problems

2.  quiz over it

3.  solubility rules I worksheet due tomorrow

4.  quiz over it Friday

5.  Pre-Lab for Solubility Lab

Thursday: 

1.      grade solubility worksheet I

2.      quiz tomorrow over it

3.      Solubility notes continued thru net ionic equations

4.      Net Ionic I due Monday

Friday:

1.  quiz over solubility rules

2.  colligative worksheet due

3.  Start Solubility Lab

4.  Net Ionic I due Monday

AP Chemistry Lesson Plans April 17^th – April 21^st

Monday:

1.  redox I quiz back

2.  finish boat activity I

3.  scale up to manila folder boat boat activity II

4.  redox daily set I due Wednesday

5.  purchase additional tape for boats

Tuesday:  ALL ABILITIES PLAYGROUND

1.  finish manila boat and test it

2.  read surface area to mass article

3.  redox daily set II due Thursday

Wednesday:

1.  grade redox daily set I

2.  set II due tomorrow

3.  quiz tomorrow over it

4.  butcher paper boat

5.  make modifications for cardboard boat

Thursday: CNA TEST

1.  redox daily set II grade

2.  quiz over it

3.  continue boats

Friday:

1.  redox daiy quiz back

2.  magic genie lab

3.  continue boats